Authorities Cited: United States Code 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1)(B) 28 U.S.C. § 1291 28 U.S.C. § 1746 28 U.S.C. § 2107(a) 42 U.S.C. § 1983 Supreme Court 442 U.S. 1, 7-11 450 U.S. 24, 30 461 U.S. 238, 251 487 U.S. 266, 275-276 514 U.S. 499, 509-511 515 U.S. 472, 483-484 520 U.S. 143 529 U.S. 244, 250-254 545 U.S. 209, 221 545 U.S. 748, 763 Circuit Courts 603 F.2d 805, 806-807 10 F.3d 723, 724 95 F.3d 999, 1005 240 F.3d 1287, 1289 260 F.3d 1213, 1216-1217 301 F.3d 1200 387 F.3d 1140, 1144-1145 399 F.3d 1203, 1213-1215 420 F.3d 1158, 1165 498 F.3d 1086, 1088 506 F.3d 962, 969-970 507 F.3d 640, 643 Federal Rules of Appellate Procedure Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2)