Authorities Cited: United States Code 18 U.S.C. § 11 18 U.S.C. § 21 18 U.S.C. § 22 18 U.S.C. § 924(c) 18 U.S.C. § 924(c)(1)(B)(i) 21 U.S.C. § 841(a)(1) 23 U.S.C. § 109 Supreme Court 1 U.S. 385, 393 21 U.S. 443, 474-475 387 U.S. 294, 298 436 U.S. 128, 138 436 U.S. 499, 509 438 U.S. 154, 171 462 U.S. 8 464 U.S. 287, 293 547 U.S. 398, 404-406 Circuit Courts 535 F.2d 160, 163 758 F.2d 834, 838 871 F.2d 11 871 F.2d 282, 291 916 F.2d 766, 769 212 F.3d 713, 717-719 349 F.3d 42, 64 354 F.3d 171, 172 525 F.3d 5 Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure Fed. R. Crim. P. 12(e)