Authorities Cited: United States Code 31 U.S.C. § 3729 31 U.S.C. § 3729(a) 31 U.S.C. § 3730(h) Supreme Court 371 U.S. 178, 182 473 U.S. 614, 626 500 U.S. 20, 26 525 U.S. 70 Circuit Courts 15 F.3d 327, 329-330 81 F.3d 1465, 1477 104 F.3d 1453, 1460 125 F.3d 899, 903 168 F.3d 1013, 1018 176 F.3d 776, 781-791 183 F.3d 319, 320-322 336 F.3d 375, 384-386 385 F.3d 432, 435 438 F.3d 404, 426-428 496 F.3d 730, 740 Federal Rules of Civil Procedure Fed. R. Civ. P. 9(b) Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(b)(6) Fed. R. Civ. P. 15(a)(2) 121 F. Supp. 2d 643, 647 199 F. Supp. 2d 746, 754-756 472 F. Supp. 2d 787, 797-798 889 F. Supp. 746, 755-757