Authorities Cited: United States Code 15 U.S.C. § 717 16 U.S.C. § 1451 16 U.S.C. § 1453(12) 16 U.S.C. § 1454 16 U.S.C. § 1455 16 U.S.C. § 1455(d)(8) 16 U.S.C. § 1455(e) 16 U.S.C. § 1455(e)(1) 16 U.S.C. § 1455(e)(3)(A) 16 U.S.C. § 1455(e)(3)(B) 16 U.S.C. § 1456(c)(1) 16 U.S.C. § 1456(c)(3)(A) 33 U.S.C. § 1251 42 U.S.C. § 7401 Code of Federal Regulations 15 C.F.R. § 923.80(d) Supreme Court 480 U.S. 572, 590-591 505 U.S. 504, 516 537 U.S. 51, 62-63 Circuit Courts 843 F.2d 782, 793 112 F.3d 151, 153 470 F. Supp. 2d 586, 598-601