Authorities Cited: United States Code 42 U.S.C. § 1983 Supreme Court 219 U.S. 498, 515 345 U.S. 629, 633 395 U.S. 486, 496 396 U.S. 45, 48 404 U.S. 244, 246 423 U.S. 147, 149 440 U.S. 625, 631 451 U.S. 390, 398 471 U.S. 148 Circuit Courts 685 F.2d 547, 556 697 F.2d 718, 720-721 751 F.2d 199, 202 263 F.3d 513, 530-531 463 F.3d 1046, 1049 501 F.3d 584, 591