Authorities Cited: United States Code 42 U.S.C. § 1983 Supreme Court 452 U.S. 692 457 U.S. 800, 818 490 U.S. 386, 388-397 533 U.S. 194, 201-208 544 U.S. 93 Circuit Courts 882 F.2d 211, 215-216 36 F.3d 536, 540 78 F.3d 1041, 1048 142 F.3d 898, 902 185 F.3d 579, 597 186 F.3d 685, 691 208 F.3d 919, 926-927 234 F.3d 312, 317 310 F.3d 937, 941-945 417 F.3d 565 432 F.3d 695, 699-700 434 F.3d 810, 815 469 F.3d 568, 569-570 471 F.3d 601, 605-608 473 F.3d 650, 656 513 F.3d 503, 511 Federal Rules of Civil Procedure Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(c)