Authorities Cited: United States Code 18 U.S.C. § 2 18 U.S.C. § 1341 Supreme Court 322 U.S. 78 373 U.S. 83 391 U.S. 123 473 U.S. 667, 676 481 U.S. 200, 211 514 U.S. 419, 433-434 527 U.S. 1, 16-25 Circuit Courts 899 F.2d 747, 753 34 F.3d 596, 599 104 F.3d 217, 220 131 F.3d 722, 736 219 F.3d 779, 783 262 F.3d 711, 714 312 F.3d 959, 960-961 345 F.3d 630, 634 397 F.3d 653, 664 449 F.3d 842, 847 449 F.3d 873, 881 465 F.3d 327, 333 479 F.3d 598, 601 512 F.3d 1052, 1055 Federal Rules of Evidence Fed. R. Evid. 401 Fed. R. Evid. 403 Fed. R. Evid. 801(c)