Authorities Cited: United States Code 28 U.S.C. § 1291 Supreme Court 263 U.S. 413 460 U.S. 462 485 U.S. 224, 231-232 544 U.S. 280, 284 Circuit Courts 333 F.2d 974, 977 188 F.3d 1031, 1035 279 F.3d 563, 566 341 F.3d 1148, 1164 361 F.3d 460, 464 380 F.3d 416, 419 435 F.3d 825, 828 477 F.3d 540, 544 483 F.3d 516, 532 538 F.3d 952, 965 Federal Rules of Civil Procedure Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(e) 174 F. Supp. 2d 951, 961 650 F. Supp. 306, 309 894 F. Supp. 661, 672-673