Authorities Cited: United States Code 15 U.S.C. § 1 Supreme Court 355 U.S. 41, 45-46 466 U.S. 2, 11-19 547 U.S. 28 Circuit Courts 316 F.2d 787, 789 448 F.2d 43 602 F.2d 616, 628 623 F.2d 613, 616 631 F.2d 303, 309 703 F.2d 339, 343 708 F.2d 1476 729 F.2d 605, 607 776 F.2d 665, 670-671 803 F.2d 1463, 1467 833 F.2d 149, 155 842 F.2d 37, 39 28 F.3d 971, 977 89 F.3d 233, 236-237 124 F.3d 430, 443 232 F.3d 979, 984 236 F.3d 1124, 1131 236 F.3d 1148, 1160 252 F.3d 1059, 1063 253 F.3d 34, 86 302 F.3d 1207, 1222 350 F.3d 925, 929 384 F.3d 1150, 1161 504 F.3d 1151, 1158 515 F.3d 883, 912-913 518 F.3d 1042, 1047 Federal Rules of Civil Procedure Fed. R. Civ. P. 8(a)(2) Fed. R. Civ. P. 15(a) 75 F. Supp. 2d 626, 639-640