Authorities Cited: United States Code 28 U.S.C. § 1331 28 U.S.C. § 1343(3) 29 U.S.C. § 1132(a) 42 U.S.C. § 1396 42 U.S.C. § 1983 42 U.S.C. § 12181 49 U.S.C. § 1508(a) Supreme Court 209 U.S. 123 373 U.S. 132 397 U.S. 397, 420 411 U.S. 624 422 U.S. 66 429 U.S. 190, 194-195 435 U.S. 151 441 U.S. 600, 612-615 461 U.S. 190 463 U.S. 1 463 U.S. 85 469 U.S. 256, 259 474 U.S. 64 493 U.S. 103, 107-108 493 U.S. 215, 230-231 496 U.S. 498, 519 504 U.S. 555, 560-561 505 U.S. 88 521 U.S. 261, 281 535 U.S. 635, 642-643 536 U.S. 273 538 U.S. 644 Circuit Courts 700 F.2d 1269, 1278 717 F.2d 726, 729-730 891 F.2d 1236, 1240-1241 907 F.2d 775, 776 992 F.2d 937, 945-946 12 F.3d 885, 888 28 F.3d 971, 977 45 F.3d 1261 103 F.3d 1491 107 F.3d 1000, 1005-1007 170 F.3d 116, 124 218 F.3d 232, 241 249 F.3d 66 308 F.3d 762, 765 362 F.3d 817 377 F.3d 64, 75-76 380 F.3d 1258, 1266 403 F.3d 324 416 F.3d 1051 442 F.3d 1147, 1156 451 F.3d 496 481 F.3d 1150, 1153-1154 492 F.3d 1094, 1098 508 F.3d 1146, 1157