Authorities Cited: United States Code 9 U.S.C. § 1956 18 U.S.C. § 2 18 U.S.C. § 982(a)(1) 18 U.S.C. § 1956 18 U.S.C. § 1956(a)(1)(B)(i) 18 U.S.C. § 3553(a) 18 U.S.C. § 5005 21 U.S.C. § 29 21 U.S.C. § 802(44) 21 U.S.C. § 841 21 U.S.C. § 841(a)(1) 21 U.S.C. § 841(b)(1)(A) 21 U.S.C. § 841(b)(1)(A)(ii) 21 U.S.C. § 846 21 U.S.C. § 851 21 U.S.C. § 851(c)(1) 21 U.S.C. § 853(a) 21 U.S.C. § 856 21 U.S.C. § 856(a) 21 U.S.C. § 856(a)(1) 21 U.S.C. § 860 28 U.S.C. § 2111 Supreme Court 365 U.S. 610, 616-617 415 U.S. 164, 170 460 U.S. 103, 115 460 U.S. 660, 663-665 482 U.S. 730, 745 488 U.S. 563, 570-571 497 U.S. 177, 188 503 U.S. 540, 553-554 507 U.S. 725, 731-737 509 U.S. 579, 592-595 522 U.S. 136, 146 526 U.S. 137, 148-149 541 U.S. 36 Circuit Courts 454 F.2d 957, 967 485 F.2d 786, 790 551 F.2d 760, 764 627 F.2d 293, 302-304 783 F.2d 1087, 1088 924 F.2d 298, 302 928 F.2d 940, 946 939 F.2d 1071 945 F.2d 300, 301 968 F.2d 1250, 1254 974 F.2d 687, 696-697 980 F.2d 245, 251 988 F.2d 91, 93-94 991 F.2d 866, 871-872 998 F.2d 182, 183-188 19 F.3d 51, 52-53 20 F.3d 1336, 1343 45 F.3d 453, 457 61 F.3d 921, 924-926 72 F.3d 1453, 1479 90 F.3d 255, 258 97 F.3d 542, 548 101 F.3d 129, 133-134 109 F.3d 677, 679-680 112 F.3d 1272, 1281-1282 116 F.3d 1536, 1540-1543 124 F.3d 52, 58 144 F.3d 476, 485-486 145 F.3d 1385, 1394 153 F.3d 749, 754 156 F.3d 638, 644-645 159 F.3d 607, 613 160 F.3d 1078, 1093 182 F.3d 1077, 1083 196 F.3d 1206, 1213 216 F.3d 80, 90 244 F.3d 948, 953 287 F.3d 1034, 1037 315 F.3d 777, 783 324 F.3d 234, 237 353 F.3d 606, 615 385 F.3d 183, 194-195 393 F.3d 1302, 1305 403 F.3d 764, 767 409 F.3d 436, 445 410 F.3d 735, 741 434 F.3d 42, 50-53 449 F.3d 127, 133 449 F.3d 167, 171 454 F.3d 366, 374-376 469 F.3d 63, 65-67 472 F.3d 910, 914 475 F.3d 1319, 1322 479 F.3d 885, 891 492 F.3d 1012, 1015 508 F.3d 1205, 1208-1209 Federal Sentencing Guidelines U.S.S.G. §3B1.1(a) U.S.S.G. §4A1.2 Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure Fed. R. Crim. P. 43(b)(3) Fed. R. Crim. P. 52(a) Fed. R. Crim. P. 52(b) Federal Rules of Evidence Fed. R. Evid. 403