Authorities Cited: United States Code 42 U.S.C. § 1983 Supreme Court 317 U.S. 492, 499 327 U.S. 274, 278 438 U.S. 154, 155-156 457 U.S. 800 Circuit Courts 847 F.2d 642, 645-649 903 F.2d 752, 755-758 915 F.2d 572, 582-583 922 F.2d 618, 622 949 F.2d 352, 357 24 F.3d 110, 113-116 112 F.3d 1398, 1407 233 F.3d 1242, 1246 355 F.3d 1263, 1266 484 F.3d 1244, 1250 506 F.3d 1021, 1026 Federal Rules of Civil Procedure Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(c) Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(e) 262 F. Supp. 2d 1162, 1167 442 F. Supp. 2d 1131 442 F. Supp. 2d 1141, 1145 Federal Rules of Evidence Fed. R. Evid. 801