Authorities Cited: United States Code 28 U.S.C. § 1915 28 U.S.C. § 2253(c)(2) 28 U.S.C. § 2254 Supreme Court 428 U.S. 465, 482 454 U.S. 370, 371 466 U.S. 668 501 U.S. 957, 961-962 529 U.S. 473, 484 537 U.S. 322, 336 538 U.S. 11, 21 538 U.S. 63, 72-73 Circuit Courts 538 F.2d 651, 651-652 161 F.3d 1249, 1253 259 F.3d 1253, 1260 317 F.3d 1196, 1204 346 F.3d 315, 316-324 451 F.3d 643, 659 470 F.3d 1177, 1184 494 F.3d 904, 919 Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure Fed. R. Crim. P. 31(d)