Authorities Cited: United States Code 42 U.S.C. § 1983 Supreme Court 392 U.S. 1 412 U.S. 218, 222 460 U.S. 491, 500 472 U.S. 511, 528 Circuit Courts 841 F.2d 1014, 1017 975 F.2d 720, 721-722 988 F.2d 1548, 1557 7 F.3d 973, 976 29 F.3d 558, 561-562 39 F.3d 1096, 1100 71 F.3d 783, 785-787 79 F.3d 973, 978 135 F.3d 1345, 1347-1348 161 F.3d 44, 52 189 F.3d 1194, 1199 207 F.3d 1202, 1205-1206 336 F.3d 1194, 1207 345 F.3d 1157, 1172 396 F.3d 1132, 1136 438 F.3d 1043, 1047 449 F.3d 1132, 1137 451 F.3d 1139, 1156 466 F.3d 1179, 1190 490 F.3d 810, 815 500 F.3d 1154, 1165 516 F.3d 1189, 1194 523 F.3d 1147, 1154 Federal Rules of Civil Procedure Fed. R. Civ. P. 56 Fed. R. Civ. P. 59(e) 517 F. Supp. 2d 586, 589