Authorities Cited: United States Code 28 U.S.C. § 1291 42 U.S.C. § 1983 Supreme Court 429 U.S. 97, 105 511 U.S. 825 532 U.S. 731, 739 533 U.S. 194 Circuit Courts 639 F.2d 559, 572 748 F.2d 1142 960 F.2d 1493, 1498 107 F.3d 549, 553 165 F.3d 803, 811 306 F.3d 1003, 1019 385 F.3d 503, 521 403 F.3d 1179, 1186-1187 427 F.3d 745, 749 445 F.3d 1254, 1258 461 F.3d 1269, 1282-1284 479 F.3d 1257, 1259-1260 494 F.3d 1254, 1260-1261 508 F.3d 611, 620 516 F.3d 912, 918 518 F.3d 1217, 1223 519 F.3d 1242, 1247 520 F.3d 1149, 1159 Federal Rules of Civil Procedure Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(b)(6) Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(c) 874 F. Supp. 979, 987