Authorities Cited: United States Code 28 U.S.C. § 1292(b) 42 U.S.C. § 1983 42 U.S.C. § 1988 Supreme Court 321 U.S. 342, 348-349 414 U.S. 10 414 U.S. 353 414 U.S. 538 414 U.S. 554 417 U.S. 156, 176 446 U.S. 740, 751 462 U.S. 345 462 U.S. 650 507 U.S. 511, 513-514 Circuit Courts 650 F.2d 342 709 F.2d 1521, 1543 712 F.2d 735, 738-739 759 F.2d 800, 802 862 F.2d 242, 244-245 891 F.2d 1454, 1456 184 F.3d 1188, 1191 319 F.3d 1234 403 F.3d 709, 712 413 F.3d 553 419 F.3d 1117, 1120 433 F.3d 703 479 F.3d 1206, 1209 496 F.3d 245 497 F.3d 1096, 1107 505 F.3d 1070, 710-1166 518 F.3d 755, 758 Federal Rules of Civil Procedure Fed. R. Civ. P. 23(c)(1)(A) Fed. R. Civ. P. 23(c)(2)(B) 247 F. Supp. 2d 1259, 1272 294 F. Supp. 2d 431, 452 461 F. Supp. 999, 1012 465 F. Supp. 2d 687, 730