Authorities Cited: United States Code 42 U.S.C. § 1983 Supreme Court 134 U.S. 1, 10 429 U.S. 274, 280 465 U.S. 89, 100 473 U.S. 159, 165 491 U.S. 58, 71 496 U.S. 356, 375-378 506 U.S. 139, 147 514 U.S. 35, 42-43 519 U.S. 425, 429-431 520 U.S. 781, 117-791 Circuit Courts 862 F.2d 1471 912 F.2d 1338, 1340-1342 916 F.2d 1521, 1524-1527 940 F.2d 1491, 1495 951 F.2d 1210, 1214 986 F.2d 1364, 1369 990 F.2d 1207 88 F.3d 1573 116 F.3d 1419, 1429-1430 116 F.3d 1438, 1439 123 F.3d 1429, 1434 137 F.3d 1285 146 F.3d 1313, 1316 197 F.3d 1098 207 F.3d 1303, 1322 208 F.3d 1308, 1311 221 F.3d 1254, 1256 226 F.3d 1226, 1231-1234 236 F.3d 643, 648-650 236 F.3d 1292, 1300 242 F.3d 1023 268 F.3d 1014, 1024-1028 12 F. Supp. 2d 1362, 1369 92 F. Supp. 2d 1377, 1379-1380 578 F. Supp. 1368, 1370 950 F. Supp. 1168, 1174-1175