Authorities Cited: United States Code 28 U.S.C. § 46(c) 42 U.S.C. § 1983 Supreme Court 365 U.S. 167 430 U.S. 188, 193 436 U.S. 658 454 U.S. 312, 326 471 U.S. 808, 823-824 475 U.S. 469 485 U.S. 112 489 U.S. 378, 385-389 491 U.S. 701 496 U.S. 356, 375-378 520 U.S. 397, 403-781 520 U.S. 781 Circuit Courts 682 F.2d 1366, 1370 813 F.2d 1191, 1192-1193 912 F.2d 1338, 1340-1341 915 F.2d 133, 136 990 F.2d 1207 29 F.3d 1495, 1499 30 F.3d 1332, 1343 74 F.3d 1150, 1152 88 F.3d 1573 116 F.3d 1396, 1401 123 F.3d 1429, 1434 137 F.3d 1285 151 F.3d 5 188 F.3d 1289, 1290 197 F.3d 1098, 1100-1105 207 F.3d 1303, 1322 218 F.3d 1267, 1276 226 F.3d 1226, 1231 268 F.3d 1014, 1027 12 F. Supp. 2d 1362, 1369 92 F. Supp. 2d 1377, 1379-1380 950 F. Supp. 1168, 1174-1175