Authorities Cited: Supreme Court 405 U.S. 669, 671 524 U.S. 742, 753-765 524 U.S. 775, 787-808 Circuit Courts 537 F.2d 210, 213 625 F.2d 573, 575 644 F.2d 424, 434 661 F.2d 1206, 1207 667 F.2d 33, 34 762 F.2d 952, 957 785 F.2d 1529, 1532 195 F.3d 1238, 1244-1246 234 F.3d 501, 506-512 246 F.3d 1305, 1311-1313 267 F.3d 1197, 1199-2000 277 F.3d 1269, 1276 304 F.3d 1179, 508-1185 330 F.3d 1313, 1316 Federal Rules of Civil Procedure Fed. R. Civ. P. 8(e)(2) Fed. R. Civ. P. 52(a) Fed. R. Civ. P. 54(b)