Authorities Cited: United States Code 42 U.S.C. § 1983 Supreme Court 302 U.S. 319, 325 424 U.S. 693, 712-713 432 U.S. 464, 473-474 457 U.S. 496, 515 465 U.S. 89, 100-121 473 U.S. 432, 440-446 507 U.S. 292, 302 508 U.S. 307, 313-316 521 U.S. 702, 720-728 526 U.S. 489, 499 538 U.S. 1, 4-102 538 U.S. 84 Circuit Courts 5 F.3d 1406, 1407 14 F.3d 639, 643 20 F.3d 1550, 1556 52 F.3d 918, 921 62 F.3d 344, 347-348 71 F.3d 1182, 1185 169 F.3d 1176, 1181 170 F.3d 396, 404-405 240 F.3d 944, 948 260 F.3d 1018, 1030 282 F.3d 478, 485 361 F.3d 594, 597 363 F.3d 1183, 1187 378 F.3d 1232, 1239 Federal Rules of Appellate Procedure Fed. R. App. P. 28(a)(9)(A)