Authorities Cited: United States Code 28 U.S.C. § 1332 Supreme Court 326 U.S. 310, 320 355 U.S. 220, 223 357 U.S. 235, 253 444 U.S. 286, 297 466 U.S. 408, 413-416 471 U.S. 462, 475-476 480 U.S. 102, 114 Circuit Courts 861 F.2d 1257, 1216-1258 902 F.2d 829, 855-856 916 F.2d 1510, 1514 979 F.2d 827, 830 94 F.3d 623, 627 121 F.3d 1447, 1450 181 F.3d 1275, 1278 216 F.3d 1286, 1292 226 F.3d 88, 95 288 F.3d 1264, 1268-1275 376 F.3d 1254, 1259 Federal Rules of Civil Procedure Fed. R. Civ. P. 12 Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(h) 969 F. Supp. 243