Authorities Cited: United States Code 42 U.S.C. § 1983 Supreme Court 461 U.S. 138, 146 483 U.S. 378, 383 Circuit Courts 848 F.2d 1145, 1148 888 F.2d 1562, 1565-1566 38 F.3d 546, 549 117 F.3d 449, 457 420 F.3d 1293, 1303 468 F.3d 755, 760 468 F.3d 1276, 1282-1283 Federal Rules of Civil Procedure Fed. R. Civ. P. 16(b)