Authorities Cited: United States Code 29 U.S.C. § 1002(1) 29 U.S.C. § 1104(a)(1)(D) 29 U.S.C. § 1132(g)(1) 29 U.S.C. § 1332(g)(1) Supreme Court 489 U.S. 101, 115 538 U.S. 822, 834 Circuit Courts 881 F.2d 1570, 1573 890 F.2d 1137, 1140 893 F.2d 288 908 F.2d 897, 899 956 F.2d 364, 372-373 979 F.2d 191, 192-194 111 F.3d 105, 108 113 F.3d 5 114 F.3d 186, 187 119 F.3d 888, 912 137 F.3d 105, 107 145 F.3d 28, 35 171 F.3d 308 209 F.3d 1309, 1315 240 F.3d 982, 993-994 244 F.3d 819, 822-824 270 F.3d 1336, 1344 326 F.3d 914, 919 353 F.3d 1276, 1287 373 F.3d 1132, 1134 466 F.3d 532 490 F.3d 886, 890 Federal Rules of Civil Procedure Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(c) 397 F. Supp. 2d 1318, 1325