Authorities Cited: United States Code 20 U.S.C. § 1681 42 U.S.C. § 9 42 U.S.C. § 1681(a) 42 U.S.C. § 1983 42 U.S.C. § 1997(e) 66 U.S.C. § 660(c) Supreme Court 374 U.S. 398, 402-403 435 U.S. 247, 255 451 U.S. 1, 17 455 U.S. 478, 482 473 U.S. 159, 165 483 U.S. 203, 206 494 U.S. 872, 110-879 503 U.S. 60, 66-75 521 U.S. 507, 117-536 524 U.S. 274, 286 525 U.S. 802 544 U.S. 709, 714-716 Circuit Courts 773 F.2d 1169, 1173 802 F.2d 397, 399 931 F.2d 764, 772 995 F.2d 1526, 1542 999 F.2d 1526, 1528 26 F.3d 1187, 1191 43 F.3d 609, 613 77 F.3d 1325, 1333 106 F.3d 648, 654 112 F.3d 1475, 1477 133 F.3d 786, 789 171 F.3d 1264 193 F.3d 1263, 1270 263 F.3d 1234, 1242-1243 273 F.3d 1330, 1336 314 F.3d 528, 532 348 F.3d 601, 607-610 350 F.3d 1157, 1162 366 F.3d 1214, 1227-1228 381 F.3d 1309, 1320 387 F.3d 1303, 1308 391 F.3d 1299, 1305-1306 393 F.3d 559, 566-567 418 F.3d 989, 994 444 F.3d 255, 268 468 F.3d 763, 768 472 F.3d 174, 186 474 F.3d 118, 130 482 F.3d 686 Federal Rules of Civil Procedure Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(c) 220 F. Supp. 2d 937, 938-939 229 F. Supp. 2d 1056, 1067 326 F. Supp. 2d 1140, 1161-1162 340 F. Supp. 2d 955, 960 401 F. Supp. 2d 1240, 1244-1246 402 F. Supp. 2d 1237, 1241 405 F. Supp. 2d 714, 723-724 409 F. Supp. 2d 1060, 1067 475 F. Supp. 2d 1325, 1337-1342 883 F. Supp. 1293