Authorities Cited: Supreme Court 223 U.S. 1, 58 292 U.S. 230, 234 330 U.S. 386, 394 357 U.S. 449, 457 461 U.S. 424, 437 468 U.S. 42, 60 514 U.S. 645, 654 530 U.S. 15, 20 Circuit Courts 569 F.2d 1364, 1366 810 F.2d 1551, 1556 836 F.2d 1292, 1303 918 F.2d 1524, 1528 926 F.2d 1285, 1299 991 F.2d 672, 680 29 F.3d 689 87 F.3d 1242, 1246 105 F.3d 439, 441 190 F.3d 1274, 1276 196 F.3d 1225, 1226 363 F.3d 1113, 1121 416 F.3d 1286, 1288 494 F.3d 1306, 1309 Federal Rules of Civil Procedure Fed. R. Civ. P. 54(d)(2) Fed. R. Civ. P. 68 112 F. Supp. 2d 12, 13 127 F. Supp. 2d 232 283 F. Supp. 2d 1272, 1276-1280 371 F. Supp. 2d 1370, 1376 814 F. Supp. 116, 121