Authorities Cited: United States Code 15 U.S.C. § 1692 28 U.S.C. § 15 28 U.S.C. § 1331 28 U.S.C. § 1337 29 U.S.C. § 1291 Supreme Court 514 U.S. 291, 292 Circuit Courts 863 F.2d 289, 290-291 988 F.2d 1314, 1318-1319 5 F.3d 649, 654 225 F.3d 350, 351-355 432 F.3d 276, 284-285 464 F.3d 450, 451-456 Federal Rules of Civil Procedure Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(c) Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(d) Fed. R. Civ. P. 56 217 F. Supp. 2d 336, 341-342 219 F. Supp. 2d 251, 257 323 F. Supp. 2d 424, 428