Authorities Cited: United States Code 18 U.S.C. § 2 18 U.S.C. § 1343 18 U.S.C. § 3742(b) Supreme Court 508 U.S. 602, 622 Circuit Courts 50 F.3d 1267, 1280 132 F.3d 44 147 F.3d 477, 486 198 F.3d 995, 1001 235 F.3d 382, 385 437 F.3d 324, 332 445 F.3d 1, 5 451 F.3d 189, 195 462 F.3d 273, 278 485 F.3d 199, 202-205 496 F.3d 744 498 F.3d 157 502 F.3d 313, 328-329 513 F.3d 360 513 F.3d 592 515 F.3d 207, 217-218 515 F.3d 1128, 1134 521 F.3d 636 523 F.3d 691