Authorities Cited: United States Code 18 U.S.C. § 2 18 U.S.C. § 371 18 U.S.C. § 1347 18 U.S.C. § 1503 18 U.S.C. § 1518 18 U.S.C. § 1519 18 U.S.C. § 1957(a) Supreme Court 220 U.S. 338, 342 284 U.S. 299, 304 303 U.S. 391, 399 392 U.S. 40, 55 395 U.S. 711, 717 395 U.S. 784, 790-791 445 U.S. 684, 688-694 450 U.S. 333, 340 459 U.S. 359, 367 462 U.S. 862, 881 481 U.S. 736, 737 500 U.S. 322, 327 502 U.S. 46, 53 514 U.S. 549 517 U.S. 292, 301-302 522 U.S. 93, 101 535 U.S. 625, 631-632 Circuit Courts 669 F.2d 964, 971 757 F.2d 621, 630 914 F.2d 671, 673 919 F.2d 946, 951-952 978 F.2d 903, 909 165 F.3d 337, 340 169 F.3d 257, 266 172 F.3d 357, 368 210 F.3d 311, 315 225 F.3d 556, 572 253 F.3d 831, 837 262 F.3d 286, 292-294 273 F.3d 636, 641-642 277 F.3d 339, 351 331 F.3d 439, 443 360 F.3d 472, 475 367 F.3d 452, 468 406 F.3d 1324, 1332 440 F.3d 693, 695 467 F.3d 496, 499 483 F.3d 309, 312 493 F.3d 613, 619 509 F.3d 1060, 1065