Authorities Cited: United States Code 28 U.S.C. § 1746 42 U.S.C. § 1983 Supreme Court 371 U.S. 178, 182 431 U.S. 606, 622-624 452 U.S. 337, 349 477 U.S. 317, 325 523 U.S. 574 Circuit Courts 487 F.2d 571 526 F.2d 870, 872-873 545 F.2d 919 556 F.2d 1336, 1341 857 F.2d 1139, 1143 864 F.2d 1235, 1247-1248 978 F.2d 190, 192 37 F.3d 1069, 1075 60 F.3d 1161, 1162-1166 93 F.3d 813, 826 100 F.3d 41, 42 110 F.3d 299, 314 114 F.3d 640, 642 188 F.3d 322, 324-326 193 F.3d 346, 351 343 F.3d 762, 763-764 363 F.3d 398, 403 449 F.3d 682, 684-686 Federal Rules of Civil Procedure Fed. R. Civ. P. 15(a) Fed. R. Civ. P. 21 Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(e)