Authorities Cited: United States Code 28 U.S.C. § 1350 42 U.S.C. § 1983 Supreme Court 436 U.S. 658, 694 475 U.S. 312, 321 475 U.S. 469, 479 489 U.S. 378, 385-389 511 U.S. 825, 834-847 Circuit Courts 644 F.2d 653, 655 699 F.2d 864, 869 787 F.2d 200, 204 956 F.2d 696, 700 49 F.3d 1324, 1326 81 F.3d 1422, 1427-1430 86 F.3d 630, 642 87 F.3d 872, 879 97 F.3d 914, 916 100 F.3d 1235, 1240 111 F.3d 1364, 1372 161 F.3d 1030, 1042 196 F.3d 839, 844 226 F.3d 525, 530 230 F.3d 1027, 1032 245 F.3d 934, 938 251 F.3d 588, 593 282 F.3d 962, 970 285 F.3d 601, 606-608 301 F.3d 605, 607 306 F.3d 515, 517-518 312 F.3d 872, 875-876 327 F.3d 588, 593-595 328 F.3d 930, 936 346 F.3d 752, 755 368 F.3d 917, 927 375 F.3d 521, 525 381 F.3d 649, 661 395 F.3d 747, 759-760 398 F.3d 904, 910 408 F.3d 375, 380-381 433 F.3d 1001, 1010 439 F.3d 392, 395 445 F.3d 1000, 1009 446 F.3d 742, 747 449 F.3d 751, 765 463 F.3d 773, 789-790 482 F.3d 897, 904 486 F.3d 1017, 1019 491 F.3d 710, 715-716 493 F.3d 833, 836 495 F.3d 852, 856-858 496 F.3d 645, 656 506 F.3d 509, 514-515 518 F.3d 479, 483 Federal Rules of Appellate Procedure Fed. R. App. P. 43(c) Federal Rules of Civil Procedure Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(C)