Authorities Cited: United States Code 18 U.S.C. § 2 18 U.S.C. § 371 18 U.S.C. § 373(a)(1) 18 U.S.C. § 1111 18 U.S.C. § 1512(a)(1)(A) 18 U.S.C. § 1512(a)(1)(C) 18 U.S.C. § 1512(a)(2)(A) 18 U.S.C. § 1512(C) 18 U.S.C. § 3591 18 U.S.C. § 3593(b) 18 U.S.C. § 3593(b)(1) 21 U.S.C. § 841(a)(1) 21 U.S.C. § 841(b)(1)(A) 21 U.S.C. § 846 21 U.S.C. § 848 21 U.S.C. § 848(c)(2)(A) 21 U.S.C. § 848(e) 21 U.S.C. § 848(e)(1)(A) 21 U.S.C. § 848(e)(1)(B) 21 U.S.C. § 848(i) 21 U.S.C. § 848(i)(1) 21 U.S.C. § 848(k) Supreme Court 223 U.S. 442, 449 284 U.S. 299 347 U.S. 227 355 U.S. 184, 187-188 377 U.S. 463, 466 395 U.S. 711, 717 408 U.S. 238 432 U.S. 161 448 U.S. 56 450 U.S. 333, 344 457 U.S. 31, 40 459 U.S. 359, 368-369 471 U.S. 773 507 U.S. 725, 739 509 U.S. 688, 704 517 U.S. 292 527 U.S. 116, 133-140 532 U.S. 1036 536 U.S. 584 536 U.S. 953 541 U.S. 36, 42-60 543 U.S. 1099 547 U.S. 813, 821 Circuit Courts 651 F.2d 600, 603 806 F.2d 1340, 1342 861 F.2d 1061, 1071-1072 949 F.2d 914, 917-919 950 F.2d 1519, 1521-1522 963 F.2d 725, 728 1 F.3d 423, 431 4 F.3d 647, 650 28 F.3d 903, 908-909 44 F.3d 1364, 1368-1373 48 F.3d 198, 200 62 F.3d 1013, 1016 63 F.3d 1342, 1370-1371 76 F.3d 1087, 1104-1109 77 F.3d 1101, 1104 82 F.3d 278, 281 84 F.3d 276, 283 85 F.3d 367, 371 85 F.3d 1347, 1351 90 F.3d 861, 897-898 101 F.3d 1263, 1267 137 F.3d 1016, 1032 142 F.3d 103, 113 149 F.3d 773, 779 156 F.3d 629, 637 157 F.3d 587, 592 181 F.3d 988, 991 216 F.3d 163, 200 217 F.3d 989, 1001 218 F.3d 856, 857 223 F.3d 665, 669-671 247 F.3d 741, 767 257 F.3d 751, 755 281 F.3d 320 285 F.3d 158, 173-174 287 F.3d 684, 688 287 F.3d 1297, 1306 296 F.3d 685, 698 313 F.3d 49 315 F.3d 972, 973-974 354 F.3d 969, 994-995 357 F.3d 745 367 F.3d 1019, 1029 371 F.3d 634, 644 374 F.3d 637, 643 406 F.3d 543, 549-550 406 F.3d 940 419 F.3d 1292, 1301-1302 423 F.3d 838, 841-842 427 F.3d 537 428 F.3d 738, 748-761 442 F.3d 687, 691 455 F.3d 838, 856-857 456 F.3d 875, 885-886 476 F.3d 539, 544 480 F.3d 888, 890 495 F.3d 951, 979-982 496 F.3d 1079, 1106 513 F.3d 795, 802 205 F. Supp. 2d 256 271 F. Supp. 2d 1097, 1115-1118 378 F. Supp. 2d 1010, 1034-1037 Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure Fed. R. Crim. P. 24(c)(3) Fed. R. Crim. P. 51(b) Federal Rules of Evidence Fed. R. Evid. 606(b)