Authorities Cited: United States Code 1 U.S.C. § 204 10 U.S.C. § 1054(a) 10 U.S.C. § 1089 10 U.S.C. § 1089(a) 22 U.S.C. § 817(a) 22 U.S.C. § 2702(a)(1) 23 U.S.C. § 510(g)(1) 28 U.S.C. § 322(a) 28 U.S.C. § 1291 28 U.S.C. § 1331(a) 28 U.S.C. § 1346(b) 28 U.S.C. § 1346(b)(1) 28 U.S.C. § 2402 28 U.S.C. § 2674 28 U.S.C. § 2679(b) 28 U.S.C. § 2679(b)(1) 28 U.S.C. § 2679(b)(2)(A) 38 U.S.C. § 4116(a) 38 U.S.C. § 7316 38 U.S.C. § 7316(a)(1) 38 U.S.C. § 7316(a)(1)(A) 42 U.S.C. § 201(p) 42 U.S.C. § 207 42 U.S.C. § 217 42 U.S.C. § 233 42 U.S.C. § 233(a) 42 U.S.C. § 254(b) 42 U.S.C. § 1983 42 U.S.C. § 5055(f)(1)(A) 50 U.S.C. § 2783(b)(1) Supreme Court 340 U.S. 135, 146 399 U.S. 905 403 U.S. 388 429 U.S. 97 441 U.S. 520, 536-537 441 U.S. 677, 698-699 442 U.S. 228 442 U.S. 397, 411 446 U.S. 14, 16-23 462 U.S. 296 462 U.S. 367 464 U.S. 206, 217 472 U.S. 511, 524-527 483 U.S. 669 484 U.S. 292, 299-300 487 U.S. 412 499 U.S. 160, 172-173 503 U.S. 249, 253-256 508 U.S. 439, 448 510 U.S. 471 523 U.S. 224, 234 529 U.S. 120, 132-143 532 U.S. 275, 288 534 U.S. 61 542 U.S. 296, 306 546 U.S. 481, 486 Circuit Courts 866 F.2d 311 871 F.2d 969, 974 885 F.2d 650, 652-654 942 F.2d 1427, 1432 23 F.3d 1480, 1481-1482 57 F.3d 797, 800 90 F.3d 333, 338 102 F.3d 712, 715 113 F.3d 988, 991 118 F.3d 682, 686 222 F.3d 99 290 F.3d 1175, 1187 343 F.3d 1036, 1039 355 F.3d 1179 387 F.3d 1046, 1057 517 F.3d 1179, 1184 523 F.3d 957, 961 Federal Rules of Civil Procedure Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(b)(1) 321 F. Supp. 2d 805, 807-808 538 F. Supp. 2d 1279, 1286-1291 701 F. Supp. 710, 712-714 751 F. Supp. 909, 910