Authorities Cited: United States Code 10 U.S.C. § 934 Supreme Court 448 U.S. 56 487 U.S. 1012, 1016 490 U.S. 477, 484 497 U.S. 836 521 U.S. 203, 237 522 U.S. 3, 19 529 U.S. 513, 538 541 U.S. 36 546 U.S. 12, 19-20 Circuit Courts 400 F.3d 548, 553-554 438 F.3d 1307, 1313-1318