Authorities Cited: United States Code 42 U.S.C. § 1983 Supreme Court 354 U.S. 234 357 U.S. 116, 127 364 U.S. 479, 487 381 U.S. 1, 16-17 385 U.S. 589 391 U.S. 367 391 U.S. 563 422 U.S. 490, 500 426 U.S. 341, 349 438 U.S. 265, 312 444 U.S. 672, 688-690 453 U.S. 280, 306 461 U.S. 138 465 U.S. 271, 287-288 468 U.S. 222, 241-242 468 U.S. 288, 293 474 U.S. 214, 225-226 491 U.S. 781, 791 493 U.S. 182 504 U.S. 555, 564 539 U.S. 306 547 U.S. 410 Circuit Courts 404 F.2d 441, 445 459 F.2d 676, 682 697 F.2d 303, 305 927 F.2d 1229, 1235 82 F.3d 1431, 1441 216 F.3d 401, 410-414 320 F.3d 228, 235 366 F.3d 930 478 F.3d 370, 377 489 F.3d 1267 529 F.3d 1100, 1106-1107 498 F. Supp. 2d 150, 156-161 740 F. Supp. 1007, 1013-1014