Authorities Cited: United States Patent and Trademark Office U.S. Patent No. 4,874,693 Supreme Court 83 U.S. 244 108 U.S. 436, 447-448 156 U.S. 680, 689 200 U.S. 273, 281-292 329 U.S. 565, 574 521 U.S. 261, 267 525 U.S. 1064 527 U.S. 627, 630 527 U.S. 666, 670-680 527 U.S. 706, 756 532 U.S. 742, 749 535 U.S. 613, 619-624 546 U.S. 356 Circuit Courts 729 F.2d 1208, 1215 958 F.2d 355, 358 148 F.3d 1343, 1355 250 F.3d 668, 689 258 F.3d 1329 284 F.3d 1154 303 F.3d 1294, 1302 321 F.3d 1111, 1123-1126 366 F.3d 1 458 F.3d 1335, 1339-1343 473 F.3d 1376 478 F.3d 985, 1000 Federal Rules of Civil Procedure Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(b)(3) Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(h)(1) Fed. R. Civ. P. 26 Fed. R. Civ. P. 41(a)(1) Fed. R. Civ. P. 41(a)(2) 24 F. Supp. 2d 1083, 1086