Authorities Cited: United States Patent and Trademark Office U.S. Patent No. 5,926,792 United States Code 28 U.S.C. § 1295(a)(1) 42 U.S.C. § 1983 Supreme Court 477 U.S. 242, 250-255 Circuit Courts 740 F.2d 423, 428 790 F.2d 1529, 1532-1533 958 F.2d 836, 837-839 978 F.2d 915, 920 985 F.2d 1574, 1582 113 F.3d 1484, 1490 138 F.3d 1448, 1456 165 F.3d 602, 606 172 F.3d 524, 530-531 338 F.3d 1024, 1036 359 F.3d 1367, 1369-1376 439 F.3d 191, 196 442 F.3d 1301, 1311 479 F.3d 1320, 1328 483 F.3d 516, 526 512 F.3d 1057, 1063 Federal Rules of Civil Procedure Fed. R. Civ. P. 37 Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(f)