Authorities Cited: United States Code 18 U.S.C. § 3731 Supreme Court 392 U.S. 1, 27 470 U.S. 675, 686 490 U.S. 1, 7 500 U.S. 248, 250 519 U.S. 33, 39 544 U.S. 93 Circuit Courts 644 F.2d 1262, 1265 37 F.3d 510, 513 83 F.3d 1123, 1129 211 F.3d 1186, 1191 224 F.3d 1136, 1140 255 F.3d 1169, 1174 268 F.3d 719 277 F.3d 947 281 F.3d 897, 897-898 334 F.3d 514, 518-519 403 F.3d 1120, 1132 418 F.3d 1206, 1212 441 F.3d 1252, 1256-1259 445 F.3d 1233, 1236 464 F.3d 853, 858 472 F.3d 767, 776-777 473 F.3d 1265 476 F.3d 1077 484 F.3d 505, 510-511 492 F.3d 495, 501